Second Major Effort - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3204 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/07/31 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Titanic Essay Did you like this example? The cheering quit as quickly as it had erupted. Each member of the space agency froze in sudden silence, staring wide-eyed at the monitor with one anxious mind. The explorer had descended perfectly through Titans atmosphere and plunged into the largest of its many methane lakes. Now the great exploration had begun. This second major effort in the quest to find extraterrestrial life in our solar system is much different than the first one. The first mission, fifteen years earlier to Mars, turned into one of the most momentous events on earth. A new calendar became popular around the world starting year zero when the Martian microbes were found. From this find two stunning lessons were learned about life on earth: Mars had life before Earth did and these Martian microbes are nearly identical to the primitive ones of earth. These Martians were the ancestors of us all! They must have arrived on Earth in the exchange of planetary fragments during the violence of the early solar system. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Second Major Effort" essay for you Create order For this mission to Titan there was a third lesson from the Mars experience: Living microbes could be found in unexpected places with harsh conditions. After Mars the search expanded to Saturns moon Titan, a place covered in lakes of methane, because numerous experiments had shown that the basic processes of lifes chemistry could work in liquid methane at minus 290 degrees, though much slower. These life forms, if they existed could be nothing like Earthling-Martians. In looking for life on Titan no one quite knew what they were looking for. This was the moment Bronson Vandertide and his team had worked long and hard for. The deep satisfaction of seeing their Titan explorer illuminate the lake bottom so brightly and operate with such nimble flawlessness was just the beginning. The moment was so engrossing that it was easy to forget they were watching what happened eighty minutes ago. A collective gasp was elicited by the group when a structure of water ice appeared looking like a miniature volcano. I name it Mt. Fuji. said Bronson. There was brief laughter among the team and silence once again as the craft sped on past it. Its slowing down! Bronson exclaimed moments later in a hushed voice. Though he was the first to notice, all instantly knew what it meant. Everyone bent forward and narrowed their gaze upon the upper right corner of the monitor. The craft was programmed with the intelligence to recognize certain shapes of interest, such as living colonies of cells on the lake bottom. Any idea what such living colonies might look like on the bottom of a methane lake on Titan was highly speculative of course, but once again, the craft did perform as they had intended in choosing as they would where to pause and investigate. THERE! LOOK! shouted another as he rose from his chair, pointing. Murmurs and gasps filled the room as everyone saw it. Irregular dark blotches occupied a region ahead where the lake became deeper. Everyone keep in mind, commanded Bronson in a monotone voice designed to cover his excitement, no one can say what these are-yet. The craft remained hovering, waiting for further instructions from earth. The whole room stared in open-mouthed wonder, gripped by a feeling resembling horror. Bronson was the first to stop breathing. He felt as if he had turned to stone. The others drew in a collective breath soon after. Many slapped their hands over their mouths. No one expected this. Just off to the right barely visible in the darkness, floating over the floor of the lake were oblong bulbs with shiny speckles embedded in them. Some structures seemed connected to these but details were difficult to see. The gem-like speckles were the most eerie of all the mysteries seen so far, seeming to reflect back at them with a similar sense of horror and curiosity. Expand that portion over there! ordered Bronson, aware that everyone knew where he meant. There was just enough to illuminate that dark region with the reflecting gems to give the oblong structures barely discernible definition. For several long minutes all of them just stared. Theyre turning. whispered Bronson. Movement is 4.7 millimeters a minute. reported Darrin, the head control operator. Living, Bronson whispered, then became silent in a momentary state of shock, Beings. he finally uttered. Everyone kept staring without blinking, mesmerized by the creatures who barely seemed to move, yet communicated life to those watching. Bronson started to breathe heavier and faster. Soon he was hyperventilating. He stood and fidgeted clumsily with his chair, then he tossed it over and burst forth with a shouting command; SHUT IT DOWN! What? asked Darrin, innocently. The light! Stop burning them with it! Shut it down. Darrin quickly touched in a command. Still rapt in silent staring, all remained frozen until Bronsons next outburst; I SAID he shouted with fury, then stopped all of a sudden when he snapped out of shock and realized his mistake. Its eighty-two light minutes to there, sir. said Darrin in a high and gentle voice trying to avoid provocation. What is wrong with yousir? growled Mike Martz at him with a tone of sarcasm. Bronson rubbed his hands into his face, then with clenched fists he shouted back; We are NOT to do harm! Whatever this is, I will not let us become destroyers of alien life forms. We have found some life form here perhaps yes, but I hope we havent blasted them to death with our light! The other agency members began to murmur and look back and forth between Martz and Vandertide. Good decision! yelled Martz derisively. He glared with hatred at Vandertide for a few seconds and then angrily walked out. Vandertide had picked up his chair and sat back down. He became lost in his own thoughts, unaware of anything outside of himself. When he became aware of his surroundings again he realized that Mike Martz had left. He saw everyone else still watching the monitor on the wall with great intensity, but he couldnt watch anymore. Back into his shell of contemplation he went until he heard a sudden murmur in the room and the noises of people rising from their seats and shuffling about. The craft had finally received the command and its light had gone out. The only light left was the distant, dim sunlight penetrating through the moons clouds and finally the lake, so the monitor was nearly black. Vandertide rose. They all stood still and turned to him in attention. He gathered himself mentally and began with a hint of shame in his voice; Well, it looks like our mission had a major success and major failure all in one. We talked about finding sentient beings beyond earth like drunks talk plans for future wealth and fame. We didnt properly consider how this should be handled. I think the truth is that none of us really believed wed find this. Were unprepared in all kinds of ways. I dont want this news out yet. Well have to light them up again and have a look, but no more of this bright light. We have the capabilities to vary the wavelengths as well as intensities on the crafts lighting. I want you all to work on finding a possible combination of lighting parameters with low enough energy to use here. Theres so much you can do with light. Lets come up with a way to shine a beam that wont harm them. Ill come back in a few hours. Bronson needed time alone to think and one of his favorite places to be by himself was at the science museum in a room called The Twentieth-Century Laboratory, a place no one ever visited or found interesting except Bronson Vandertide. He usually looked forward to his routine stroll there to be alone, but before he left the agency building he saw something very disturbing. On the wall in the lobby was a television monitor which was always on but with the sound off most of the time. It was on the space agency news channel as usual, but Mike Martz was on talking to a reporter, which was not normal. Stunned to see him on the news, Bronson fumbled to get the sound on. I believe Dr. Vandertide has become incapacitated. Said Martz without emotion. Of course, I have no idea how long his fit will last. He has been known to have these fits and has forced us all to secrecy about it. Bronsons jaw dropped. I take it upon myself to let you know this since the integrity of the agency requires disclosure of such. YOU MOTH! yelled Bronson at the TV. I will be taking command of the agency as soon as I am in possession of the Comm Transmitter. We have protocol for passing along authority which I will activate Martz went on. In reaction, Bronson grabbed his chest and felt inside his coat for the Comm Transmitter. Holding it firmly in his hand he answered back; THERES NO WAY YOURE GETTING YOUR HANDS ON THIS, MIKE! I am taking this action not only because we need a new leader at the agency, but because there has just been an exciting new find from the Titan explorer Martz began revealing. As soon as he heard this he ran down a hallway to the old locker room. He had abandoned his old locker long ago like everyone else had. As with the Twentieth Century Lab, storage lockers were a relic of the past which no one had yet bothered to tear down and remove. Inside his locker were old clothes, paper notebooks, phones, chargers, wallets, metal keys, writing pens, I.D cards, toothbrushes and various other things which hadnt been in use for decades. Under the junk was a motorcycle helmet he used back in his early days at the agency. This helmet is so old, he thought to himself, and Ill look strange, but its best that Im not seen right now. He put it on and walked swiftly out of the building. Out on the street he heard people starting to talk about the newly found Titans. Quickly the rumors became wild with descriptions of monsters as large as lakes devouring each other as in the Greek myths. He heard one woman say she knew that he, Dr. Vandertide was on board the ship and the Titans had taken him hostage, forcing him to fly them back to Earth to lead a Titan invasion of our planet. Bronson was at least grateful about one thing; the growing Titan mania was so distracting that he escaped being noticed wearing his strange old motorcycle helmet. He knew he couldnt hide in the Twentieth Century Laboratory for long. Martz knew about his habit of coming here to be alone, and if he wanted the Comm Transmitter he would be here, too. Yet he believed Martz was enjoying a fantasy of having the power he sought and a moment of fame. Once it all collapsed, it would be easy to fire him. He swung open the door to the lab, pulled off his helmet and stepped inside. It was relaxing for him to be among the old flasks and graduated cylinders, glass distillers and Bunsen burners. He took in a deep breath, let it all out with a weary sigh and felt a little better. Now he could plan his next steps. Bronson had miscalculated. It would be the last good breath hed take for a couple of minutes. Mike Martz appeared behind him at the door walking silently in. He was holding a plastic trash bag with a plastic ribbon draw string. He crept up to the unaware doctor and quickly threw the bag over his head. Bronson reacted right away, violently scratching at his face, tearing the plastic open. Then Martz pulled hard on the ribbon and tried to throw Bronson on the floor but he stood tough and stayed on his feet while ripping at the bag. The struggle between the men heightened. Bronson forced his fingers under the ribbon on his neck and pulled out while Mike pulled harder to close it on his neck. Bronson moved his head frantically from side to side, burning the skin of his neck from the extremely taut ribbon. Now Martz miscalculated. He pulled on the ribbon with all of his might and the ribbon snapped. Bronson was completely free and hadnt lost consciousness. He turned around and saw Martz holding the torn-up bag with a momentary expression of shame on his face. Martz then gave Bronson a hard stare and threw down the bag. Give it to me. he demanded. Bronson rubbed his throat and said in a raspy voice; So you didnt waste any time coming for the Comm, did you, Mike? I underestimated you. Im sick of you and your weak, high-minded ideas. he spat back. I want total control of the agency because I am not afraid of taking command and ploughing forward even if it hurts something. Give me the Comm and get out of my way. Mike, youre right about one thing: I am afraid. Im afraid of ignorance and the harm we do because of it. It isnt weak to respect the life we find, leaving it alone if thats the only way to avoid molesting them. But why am I talking to you about not molesting them after what you just tried! I would never turn over authority to someone like you! I just told the world about you. Oh, your brilliant news conference. Thats right, Im unfit, so your said. Everyone sees that youre weak, and after the way you acted today no one wants you back! I am not afraid to burn the guts out of those creatures in order to see whats inside. Its our right. Were the ones who built the craft which got us there. As far as Im concerned they are ours and they have no reason to exist but for our science. Give me the Comm Transmitter. Martz stepped threateningly towards him. Strong emotions froze Bronson thinking, making him forget how he had just fought for his life and won. He was overwhelmed for the moment, plagued by self-doubt. As Martz approached staring at him with wide, furious eyes Bronson felt more of his will melt but managed to bend slightly towards him and put his hand out to halt his advance. Lets talk this over. Dont you realize the problem of contact with living beings in a cold methane lake? Bronson pleaded. What good does it do to destroy them like this? We are as red-hot coals to them. Just shining our light to have a look boils them. If we reach into their lake our arm would instantly freeze and break off. Their metabolism has to be thousands of times slower than ours. If we want to know them we have to give this lots of time and take it way easy. Bronson stepped forward and took Martz by the shoulders at arms length. Mike, I trusted you. I still do because I have to trust everyone collaborating on this project. Scientists should be careful, sensitive observers, not cold dissectors. These Titans and we are two extreme life forms to each other. Our world operates on fire and fury, not theirs, so for us to study them requires us to stop our furious probing and learn to hold still in the dark for a long, long time. Martz violently pulled away from him. We own them. said Martz. We own them all! Nothing else matters about them but what they are worth to our science. You already have your fame and reputation as the man who first found life beyond Earth. Mars was yours. Titan is mine. If you wont blast them to smithereens, I will. I wont let the agency back away now and leave our craft dark, unable to gather data. I mean it, Bronson. Give me the Comm, or better yet, give the order to reactivate, now and then hand it over. said Martz Martz stared threateningly at him again. Bronson bent his head down and slapped the back of his neck in a gesture of pained acceptance. He had crumbled. Forgetting all he stood for, he felt at the moment intimidated and humiliated. Reluctantly he pulled out the Comm. So, said Bronson, subdued and sad, for you this is about you building a reputation, not about finding extraterrestrial life. You have your place and I want mine. said Martz. Bronson raised the Comm to his mouth. Darrin, I order the lights reactivated now. We shall proceed on Titanwith whatever caution we can know to use. He lowered the comm to his lap and stared at Martz. That was weak. Martz sneered. But it will work. Now hand over the Comm. Instantly, remorse began to eat at Bronson. It turned to anger, and anger turned to hate filled rage. He held the comm out towards Martz as if to surrender it to him, then as Martz was about to grab it, Bronson deliberately dropped it. I cant believe you really would kill me, Mike. What would you do then? How were you planning to get away with it? I am prepared to take over at the agency Bronson, and I will because Titan is mine. As for getting away with it, who ever comes here but you? The protein digester still works; I have plenty of time to make you disappear into a vat of murky acid. Neither men had a weapon nor much knowledge of hand to hand combat. Bronson blew open the valves to his rage and leapt upon Martz with greater might and speed than he had possessed in years. Something burst in his hands at the very moment he lost awareness. What it was that had burst was as much a mystery to him at as he was to himself. When Bronson regained full consciousness he was holding the broken neck of Mike Martz. Horrified, he jerked his hands away and Martz fell to the floor, gasping for breath for a short while before he died. Bronson looked at the body with its twisted and unnaturally bent neck in disbelief for a long time, then he shut his eyes and sat with the corpse for a half hour, still with his eyes closed. The reporters were shouting and screaming out their questions at the locked doors of the space agency. Soon the doors were being jostled to the breaking point. A man wearing an antique motorcycle helmet cautiously approached, then aggressively pushed his way through the crowd. He unlocked the doors and rushed in before anyone else, then sprinted to the stair way. Moments later he was alone glancing down upon the confused and furious crowd twirling about in the lobby looking for anyone to attack with questions. He burst through the control room door and quickly shut it behind him. Everyone turned from their work and stared. Is that you, Dr. Vandertide? asked one of the members. Sanctuary. said Bronson after he took off his helmet and set it aside.

The Effects Of Carbon Dioxide On Our Oceans - 1179 Words

Our oceans absorb almost twenty-five percent, each year, of all the carbon dioxide that human activity emits into the air. Scientists originally believed that the idea of our oceans absorbing extra carbon dioxide that is in the air was a positive idea, because it would deter global warming. But, they soon came to the realization that this absorption process was having similarly disastrous effects, as global warming does, and it what happening to our oceans. This phenomenon, of our oceans taking in the excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, leads to ocean acidification; a term used to describe how our oceans are becoming increasingly more acidic over time. However, just in the past 200 years, ocean acidification has increased by thirty percent, and this number will only continue to increase due to our current rate of industrialization. Carbon dioxide is one of the major greenhouse gases, and is one of the most common gases found in the earth’s atmosphere. 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Organizational Change Management Streamlining Stabilizing

Organizational Change Management: Streamlining Stabilizing Transition Cassy M. Miller American Public University Executive Summary This essay will take a look at organization change management and how effective communication including transparency and reduction of ambiguity; approaching change and transition through a human lens versus a mechanical lens; implementation of strategic plans and successor development will lend to a reduction in confusion, fear and resistance. Leaders must be able to communicate effectively and actively engage employees in processes otherwise organizational change and functions will be inhibited. Leaders should consider how the changes may affect their staff and what perceptions might be†¦show more content†¦Leadership skill and traits will lend to a successful transition and reduce tensions among the workforce and create a sense of collaboration and pride in the organization. Extensive or overall changes that occur within an organization must be strategic in nature and involve many resources of the organization. Additional changes occur at the many levels of an organization to support the overall strategic plan (Nahavandi, Malekzadeh, Denhardt, Denhardt, 2014). Effective Communication Effective communication sounds like a simple term and one that can be exercised by simply listening. However, the key to effective communication is actually far more complicated in nature and most individuals make assumptions about their level of communication skills being effective. Leaders must be able to communicate effectively and actively engage employees in processes otherwise organizational change and functions will be inhibited. In order for communication to be considered successful, the sender must deliver the message in a way that the receiver can translate and interpret the data accurately (Mazurowski, 2013). 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Different Expressions Of Sex And Sexuality Essay - 1480 Words

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Sherlock Holmes and Sigmund Freud free essay sample

In the excerp from the novel The Seven-Per-Cent Solution, Nicholas Meyer’s reveals the true nature of the characters detective Sherlock Holmes and the psychologist Sigmund Freud. Although, both of the characters shared similarities and differences in their professional methods that they used in their career, the two characters were both monumental figures that changed the human history through their brilliance in work. First, there are many similarities between the characters Sherlock Holmes and Sigmund Freud. For example, both Holmes and Freud smoked tobacco preferably both tried cocaine while it was legal during the 19th century. While, Holmes used pipe for a way to get away from his problems, Freud smoked cigar for research and experiment. Both of the characters had deductive personalities, and were genius at their work. Through using â€Å"logical reasoning† both could find quick answers to most critical questions. The two characters had mindset that was too ahead for others; for instance, Holmes developed criminal investigation and forensic techniques that no other detective used. Similarly, Freud expanded and â€Å"effected the fields of psychology and psychiatry†¦moving both fields from the darkness of laboratories†¦into light of popular awareness† cleverly traversing the fields of medicine. There are also some ways that Holmes and Freud were different, starting with their homelands. Holmes and Freud were from two different countries; Holmes was from England while Freud was from Vienna. Freud worked indoors as he was Austrian neurologist who worked on his most influential theories. Unlike Freud, Holmes worked outside as he did his detective job finding criminals. Another major difference between these two characters was that Freud investigated cocaine for research while Holmes had raging cocaine addiction as his good old friend, Dr. Watson observes his critical issue asserts â€Å"all dotted and scarred with innumerable puncture-marks,† revealing the height of Holmes’ crazy addiction that his arm was filled with punctured marks because of his frequent needle injection. Also, it was Freud that had to cure Holmes’ condition after Dr. Watson brought him to Vienna. The last difference they shared was that Holmes had a weak characteristic which was a result of his crazy addiction to cocaine and gave up on his life without fixing it, while Freud stayed strong and went on with his life successfully despite being â€Å"alienated from respectable medical community,† thus Freud possessed a sense of honor and didn’t let a crisis in his life affect him in a negative way while Holmes let cocaine rule over him. The two characters also used many professional methods that were similar to each other. First of all, both Holmes and Freud used observational methods to find answers to questions. Through observing, both Holmes and Freud could infer quickly into the subject. In the instance when Holmes is brought to Freud’s house, he quickly asserts information about Freud’s life, Holmes addresses Freud as â€Å"married, possess a sense of honour, and enjoys playing cards and reading Shakespeare† by observing his study room Holmes already knows all about Freud. Observation was used by Freud when he observed Holmes state of cocaine addiction and infers from it that Holmes must had a traumatic childhood problem that lead him to get addicted to cocaine. Furthermore, both Holmes and Freud use a style of reasoning, which is reading signs and details in order to uncover secrets. Freud knows that Holmes suffered from psychological trauma involved with his family, that is effecting his current problems, and for sure boredom is not the reason for Holmes’ cocaine use. Holmes uses reasoning when he tells Freud doesnt permit any maid into his private study room evidently because of the dust in Freuds study room. The last method that both used was case-study method that was explanatory analysis of a person or event. Holmes does uses case study method in order to solve mysteries and find the real criminals, while Freud uses case study by analyzing patterns and finding causes for a person’s behavior. Case study method used by both Holmes and Freud, excelled at bringing a deeper understanding to complex issues through experiences and previous research. In addition to having similar methods, Holmes and Freud also had different strategies in their work. Holmes used a method of using blood patterns in order to know where in the room the blood originated, while Freud used subjects life history in order to know why someone is behaving the way they are. Holmes used magnifying glasses while thoroughly analyzing the events, in contrast Freud used his â€Å"pocket watch† which was used for hypnosis especially for cocaine addicts. In the scene when Freud claims that he can stop the compulsion of Holmes cocaine addiction by practicing hypnotism on him, Holmes angrily responds by asking do you propose to make me bark like a dog and crawl about on all fours? Which indicates that Holmes doesnt believe in hypnosis and thinks it is a type of trick used by clowns. The third difference in professional methods used by Holmes and Freud was that they both had different clienteles, for example Freud dealt with patients that were sick and had psychological problems while working inside, in contrast Holmes dealt with finding criminals and worked outside. In conclusion, both Sherlock Holmes and Sigmund Freud can be compared and contrasted in Nicholas Meyers The Seven-Per-Cent Solution as they both shook the foundation of human confidence. Although, Holmes and Freud didn’t participate in the same field, they had many ways that they were similar and their techniques often matched up with each other. Holmes practiced a technique of detective work which was ahead of all other detectives, and Freud truly reversed typical mind believe and human theories. These two spectacular figures were the most original thinkers in their field, and changed history with their remarkable techniques and ideas.

One Acre Fund free essay sample

When first looking at Kenya, Postigo had five different suppliers that all met certain criteria he had for doing business. He narrowed down the suppliers by contacting them and asking them for a RFQ. He then, with his knowledge of the market and his product as well as coming to the table prepared, negotiated the fertilizer to an acceptable price that could be offered to farmers enrolled in the OAF program. 1. Fertilizer is a commodity – why did Postigo spend so much time developing a relationship? Shouldn’t he have just set up an auction? Postigo did his homework and understood that developing and building relationships is a very important dimension in the Kenyan culture. â€Å"Kenyan culture’s emphasis on relationships and hierarchy stems from the importance of family. Kenya is a place where you need to get to know people†¦in a room with twenty-five people, you need to shake everyone’s hand† (Negotiating, pg 3). Postigo realized that most of his potential suppliers we located in Kenya. He also knew that if he could make a deal with a vendor in Kenya then the transportation costs would be much lower, thus creating a little more wiggle room for his BATNA. Postigo grasped the importance of building relationships from a different, more strategic purpose. OAF’s short-term plan incorporated rapid growth with regards to the small family farms, which required rapid growth in their requested quantity of DAP. Postigo recognized that in building a relationship he was really opening up their opportunities for the future. If he could guarantee larger batch orders in the future, then he might be able to use that leverage to talk the supplier into lowering the current price. Postigo knew that establishing his desire for a strong relationship would pay off in multiple ways, both satisfying the cultural status quo while also putting a strategic plan into place to realize cost savings in the future. 2. What was Postigo’s BATNA to reaching a negotiated agreement with Dehvi Medji and Sons? During the negotiations for fertilizer, Postigo was concerned with three major issues: delivery date, price, and the ability for growth into the future. Keeping these things in mind, it seems that the best alternative to a negotiated agreement would have come from the current market prices of fertilizer in the area. If he was not able to come to an agreement with any of the suppliers and negotiate a better contract for OAF, then Postigo would simply buy the fertilizer at regular market prices. According to the research, in Nakuru, where both the cost of fertilizer and the cost of transportation were taken into consideration, a 50kg bag could be purchased for 4,000 Ksh (Negotiating, pg 6). This cost of 4,000 Ksh would have been the BATNA for Postigo’s negotiations; However, the BATNA could also have been found in one of the other vendors that were being looked into. If these other vendors had offered him a reliable price then that value could have been seen as Postigo’s BATNA. 3. Should Postigo have spent the time and money to meet face-to-face with all five potential vendors for the purpose of telling them about One Acre Fund, rather than sending them an e-mail? Working for a not-for-profit organization, Postigo understood that he needed to save money wherever possible. Meeting with the vendors in person might have had a larger effect on empathy throughout the negotiation. He might have been able use that to his advantage, but in the end, the benefit would not have outweighed the cost. Postigo contacted five vendors, four of which came back with bids. The first scenario where the cost outweighed the benefit: had he traveled to the fifth vendor, it would have been a complete waste of time and money. Secondly, as soon as Postigo informed the potential vendors of their expected delivery date, a second vendor dropped out of the running, stating that they would not be able to make the delivery date. By sacrificing the face-to-face meetings, Postigo saved a large amount of time and money while still attracting 3 potential vendors; eventually leading to a deal that, from his standpoint, was very successful. . Followup question: Did Postigo pay particular attention to the other party’s needs in the phone calls with Dehiv Medji? Postigo did a very good job of paying attention to Dehiv Medji’s needs throughout the negotiations. They spoke about the affect the Kenyan government might have on both parties, understanding the government subsidies could cripple both parties. He brought up Medji’s opportunity to grow and wanted to be involved in their growth, â€Å"he asked about growth prospects†¦indicated that the two organizations might grow together† (Negotiating, pg 7). Postigo negotiated in a fair and cooperative manner, providing flexibility on delivery dates and transportation costs. â€Å"One of the biggest appeals of Dehvi Medji to OAF was its willingness to fix a price in November for a January delivery† (Negotiating, pg 7). Postigo was very aware of the other party’s needs and acted accordingly. He felt obliged to make the negotiation a win-win scenario and when all was said and done, he did just that. 4. What do you think about Pastigo’s sharing information with Dehvi Medji about OAF’s strategy for the future? Was this a good thing to do? Is this a good way to develop a relationship? In the situation that Pastigo was in an open discussion about the long term goals of the not for profit OAF was a valid opening strategy. It gives Pastigo a fair amount of leverage epically since OAF is planning to have a large amount of growth in the near future, that information alone allows Pastigo to negotiate much harder for present prices with the perceived promise of future growth. It is also a valid and simple way for Pastigo to begin building a relationship with the supplier. By opening with a good amount of information, especially with a local supplier, OAF as an organization can leverage the fact that they are trying to grow the amount of fertilizer used by a large amount of farmers which is good for the fertilizer suppliers. This was also an efficient means to build the relationship the OAF was hoping to have with their future supplier, by showing that they were open and upfront with both the plans and goals of OAF any possible relationship would from more easily. All in all by being open from the beginning Pastigo put himself in a good position to conduct the negotiations. . If Dehvi Medji’s price had been good but not the best, would you still have recommended that Postigo try to negotiate with Dehvi Medji? As we have mentioned before, Postigo was concerned with three major issues: delivery date, price, and the ability for growth into the future. Taking into consideration all of these issues, it could be seen that Dehvi Medji met the other qua lifications for a good supplier in that they could meet the proper delivery schedule in January and they were a small company that had the ability to grow alongside OAF going into the future. Price was only one of the concerns that Postigo was looking at. The case study goes on to state that â€Å"in previous fertilizer negotiations between OAF and Dehvi Medji, the company had settled for 10 percent off its initial offer† (negotiating, pg 7). This indicates that although the initial bid that Dehvi Medji produced might have not been the best, their company was proven to have wiggle room during the negotiations process and could possibly still be convinced to lower their price to become the best price. Although Dehvi Medji might not have had the best initial price coming out of the initial requests for proposals (RFPs), their initial price could be negotiated and they met the other requirements, delivery schedule and ability for growth in the future, that OAF was looking at. Our recommendation to Postigo would be to still enter the negotiation phase with Dehvi Medji, regardless of the initial price bid, in order to further scope out the qualifications of the supplier and possibly discover all of the benefits that they have to offer. . OAF’s founder, Andrew Youn, is a MBA. Given the importance of low-priced, good-quality fertilizer to his company’s ability to achieve its goals, should Youn be considering alternatives to buying from a handful of Kenyan wholesale suppliers? What might those alternatives be? The importance of low-priced, good-quality fertilizer was a major component to the success of the companies but it is doubtful that it was the only goal of the not fo r profit. The goal of the OAF is to help the local small plot farmers become more self-sufficient and by choosing local wholesalers over a foreign supplier can build the fertilizer industry in Kenya allowing local farmers to have better access even if the OAF was to leave the country. It is quite likely that Mr. Youn did consider other options during the start-up process but in the end decided local suppliers would be a better option. An option that they may considered would be using a foreign wholesaler and bulk ship the fertilizer to Kenya and then ship it to the warehouses to break down and disperse to the participating farmers. This option may have saved them enough money on the base product to offset the increase in shipping and handling cost to get the fertilizer into Kenya. This may not have been a viable option in this opening round of negotiation due to the limited amount of fertilizer the OAF was purchasing at the time. 7. Postigo informed the case writers that the Kenyan government did implement its program of buying fertilizer in bulk to distribute at reduced prices to farmers, but that this program did not really affect OAF farmers because they could not afford to travel to government depots and did not have the cash to buy or transport the fertilizer. However, this action by the Kenyan government might have secondary effects for OAF’s negotiations with fertilizer suppliers in the future. What do you think those secondary effects might be? There are a variety of secondary ramifications for the OAF when negotiating future fertilizer purchase form local suppliers due to the government subsidized supply. One obvious problem in the risk that the a current or future supplier may not be able to stay competitive in the fertilizer market in Kenya and will go out of business, forcing the OAF to search elsewhere for their supply of fertilizer. Another less gloomy prospect is with the government subsidizing fertilizer in Kenya the OAF may have a better bargaining position with the local wholesalers, allowing the OAF to purchase more fertilizer with the same investment helping the program to expand faster. This choice by the Kenyan government may also allow the OAF to negotiate with the government to receive the discounted price and focus instead on the transport of the fertilizer from the government depots to the farmers who need it most. 8. In what way did Postigo use his awareness of hierarchy in Kenyan culture during his negotiations with Dehvi Medji? During the second round of negotiations which were exclusively with the Dehvi Medji firm the awareness of the hieratical culture of Kenya was used to help set a price from which Postigo could begin the round of negotiations. This was seen in the sentence on page seven of the case study where Pestigo from looking previous negotiations knew that Dehvi Medji sold for roughly ten percent less than their opening offer. This was an assumption made due to the fact that Postigo was working with decedent of the former managers who made this 10 present discount a way of business. There is also the fact the before the negotiators began discussing price Pestigo first discussed the increase in the price of fertilizer and the effects it was having of the OAF, the likely hood of government intervention, and finally the growth prospects of both the OAF and Dehvi Medji. Only after all of this opening information was shared were the negotiations for price and transportation brought into the negotiation. Both of these considerations made by Pestigo showed he was prepared to enter negotiations with Jiten Patel and allowed them both to come to an agreeable solution. 9. What do you see as the strengths and weaknesses of Postigo’s negotiating strategy for fertilizer in 2007? Postigo had many strengths and weaknesses in his attempt of his first large acquisition of fertilizer for the OAF. His main strengths were the facts that he was knowledgeable about his product and the suppliers he was dealing with as well as the fact he was prepared going into the negotiation process. His main weakness included the fact that he had not built a relationship with his Kenyan suppliers knowing far in advance that that is an essential procedure in Kenyan business culture. He also failed to have realistic expectations when asking a smaller company like Delvi Medji and Sons to potentially supply such a large customer base. The fact that Postigo did not build a relationship could have resulted in Dehvi Medji and Sons’ Jiten patel(the supplier) agreeing with Postigo only to avoid confrontation knowing far in advance they would not be able to meet his needs. Postigo’s knowledge of the wholesale prices as well as his market and expected forecast did allow him however, to accurately predict OAF’s growth and was contributed heavily to his success of getting the fertilizer under the market price of 3,263 Ksh/50kg bag. He was able to work the suppliers down through both price competition but more importantly by providing a â€Å"win-win† situation for both him and the supplier. His main incentive was by doing business with OAF the supplier would grow with the OAF as it expanded its market to 30,000 farmers. He in return expected a supplier to reduce their costs helping the OAF. Even though Postigo had some weaknesses in his overall negotiation strategy by not meeting face-to-face,In the end, Postigo successfully worked to an agreeable solution where both parties benefited in 2007.