Japan Constitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Japan Constitution - Essay Example The Meiji Restoration proclaimed the ascent of Japan as a modern and military force. The theocracy combined itself under the administration of the Emperor, and put forth an attempt to crush remaining remnants of samurai and shogun power. Terrains were looked to be reestablished to the Emperor. The Samurai's benefit to carry weapons was weakened by stretching out this to the workers, too, and induction into the military of a male part from every family in the nation additionally became effective. The samurai was displeased with what it saw as a taking away of its freedom. In any case, alongside that, they additionally moved into different regions, looking for work in the administration, and turned into another first class in Japan. It was against the above scenery that a constitution was proclaimed in Japan, and became effective in 1889. This Constitution cherished the Emperor as the preeminent political head, who imparted capacity to a chosen Diet or parliament. The Meiji Constitution proceeded till Japan was crushed in the Second World War, after which another constitution happened. The Meiji Constitution denotes the first occasion when that Japan has had a composed constitution. In genuine practice since the ruler's forces had been diminished, before the Meiji Restoration Japan was just a by right government, the real powers frequently having been practiced either by a theocracy or by the Samurai from time to time.To draft the Meiji Constitution Japan examined those of the US, Britain, Spain, France and Prussia. The Meiji constitution appears to have been significantly affected by the Prussian one. It has seven sections, comprising of seventy-six articles. It additionally has a Preamble, an Imperial Oath Swo rn in the Sanctuary in the Imperial Palace, and an Imperial Rescript on the Promulgation of the Constitution. Everything considered, it is a record of under 4000 words. The seven parts headings are: 1-The Emperor; 2-The Rights and Duties of Subjects; 3-The Imperial Diet; 4-The Ministers of State and the Privy Council; 5-The Judicature; 6-Finance; and 7-The Supplementary Rules. (The Meiji Constitution) There are partitions in this Constitution, that are worded questionably, and it was left to the political pioneers and gatherings of an opportunity to decipher it either as strong of the ruler, or as a report that set up a liberal majority rule framework. This Constitution lays on the fundamental reason that the Emperor's family line is divine, and therin lies his authenticity. He in this manner consolidates in his individual, the forces of the lawmaking body, official just as the legal executive: Article 3. The Emperor is holy and sacred. (The Meiji Constitution) Yet, Article 4 expresses that, The Emperor is simply the leader of the Empire, joining in Himself the privileges of sway, and activities them, as per the arrangements of the current Constitution. (The Meiji Constitution) A resulting article (55) anyway expressed that the Emperor's forces were dependent upon approval by a Minister of State, whose arrangement was oddly in the hands of the ruler himself.The obligations and privileges of the individuals were spelt out by the Constitution. A subject had the obligation of securing the Constitution. (Prelude) He additionally needed to serve in the military, whenever called upon to do as such. (Article 20) He delighted in specific rights, gave these didn't come in

Can Other Animals Learn Language Essays - Apes, Chimpanzee, Washoe

Can Other Animals Learn Language Numerous scientists wonder if chimpanzees are extremely ready to utilize language in a simple manner, or on the off chance that it is simply made by operant molding. Clinicians acknowledged, as far back as 60 years prior, that chimps could always be unable to learn communicated in language. They don't have the particular tongue, lips, teeth, facial muscles, and sense of taste that people do to make the huge swath of discourse sounds that people do. Scientists have rather attempted to show chimps some visual type of language. A model is Beatrice and Allen Gardner's analysis with American Sign Language (ASL). They began their examination with a one-year-old chimp named Washoe, whom they brought up like a kid. The Gardners and their analysts marked to Washoe and each other simply like hard of hearing guardians may do. At whatever point Washoe marked accurately, she was remunerated. Since Washoe was raised among her overseers, she had a great deal of work on marking all through her day by day life. Following four years of preparing, she had obtained around 160 signs. The Gardners saw numerous likenesses between Washoe's advancement and that of a little youngster learning communicated in language. When she had taken in a specific sign, she properly summed up its utilization to different articles or exercises. For instance, when she took in the sign for additional to request all the more tickling, she utilized it to request more food or more play. A significant number of her slip-ups appeared to be like ones k ids would make. After she had learned eight or so signs, she began utilizing them in mixes, for example, progressively sweet; later, she joined at least three signs to offer expressions or orders. By the age of five, the Gardners believed that her language looked like a three-year-old child's. In an alternate research venture, analyst David Premack showed a chimp, Sarah, language utilizing little plastic images of various hues and shapes, which each represented a word. Sarah figured out how to make basic sentences by orchestrating the images on a board. This framework is simpler for a chimp than ASL is. Since the images were directly before her, she could utilize them as prompts to recall the implications. One detriment was that Sarah became quiet when she didn't have her images. In another exploration venture, Duane Rumbaugh encouraged a chimp named Lana to utilize an uncommon typewriter connected to a PC. It had fifty keys, each indicating a geometric design that spoke to a word. When Lana composed a design, it appeared on the screen before her. She figured out how to address herself by checking the arrangement of designs as they showed up. Lana figured out how to react to people who talked through the PC and she started discussions. When Lana ran over an item that she wasn't shown a word for yet, she once in a while made up her own. A few scientists have contended that language-prepared chimps use images and signs genuinely and precisely. They can allude to things that have been expelled, similar to ball they recently observed however that is currently taken care of in a container. Likewise, as Lana, there is proof that chimps can make up new fitting word mixes utilizing basic language rules. This proposes chimps may have probably some comprehension for rudimentary language structure. Not all analysts concur with the above view. Therapist Herbert Terrace went through just about four years encouraging gesture based communication to a male chimp named Nim. Porch was persuaded that this chimp was truly consolidating words into linguistic gatherings like a kid's first sentences. Yet, subsequent to investigating his information, he started to question this. For instance, a youngster's sentences quickly develop long and unpredictability as the kid learns increasingly syntactic guidelines; Nim didn't show a similar advancement. Despite the fact that he produced some extensive successions, his dominance of linguistic structure didn't develop. Patio examined recordings indicating discussions with Nim which demonstrated that quite a bit of his discussion was fractional impersonations of things the specialist had recently said. This persuaded inciting via coaches with a prize might be an explanation behind a chimp's language use. Porch contended that while chimps may can pos sibly make syntactic sentences, nobody has demonstrated it. Another inquiry is whether chimps truly comprehend that words are images for something different. Their

Aquatic Ecosystem free essay sample

B. KARTHIK CLASS C E. V. S PROJECT Problems supplements, for example, nitrogen as nitrates and alkali can heighten this preparing impact, particularly in supplement poor waterways in remote regions just as estuaries or beach front territories. * spillover from land cleared for farming, particularly where composts and fertilizer have been applied in amounts that surpass wholesome prerequisites of harvests * overflow from ranger service and urban extension * modern discharges to soils and water (e. g. ulp and paper and mining) civil and family unit wastewater release, including septic frameworks lown dust from uncovered soils. Overabundance phosphorus can bring about bottomless development of amphibian plants. This can prompt a move in the collections of fish and spineless creatures toward less attractive species, including contamination lenient ones which may incorporate intrusive species. blue green growth can frame blossoms under specific conditions, for example, high supplement loa dings and warm temperatures, and cause horrendous taste and smell issues in drinking water. A portion of these microorganisms can discharge poisons in the water which can present wellbeing dangers to people and creatures Decaying and unattractive algal and oceanic plant developments an additionally obstruct consumption pipes and hinder route decreasing the stylish and recreational estimation of amphibian environments. Also, fish murders can happen because of simultaneous decreases in broke down oxygen. THE END Wetlands, streams, lakes, and beach front estuaries are on the whole oceanic ecosystems†critical components of Earths dynamic procedures and basic to human economies and wellbeing. Wetlands associate land and water, filling in as common channels, decreasing contamination, controlling floods, and going about as nurseries for some sea-going species. Streams, lakes, and estuaries fill in as significant transportation, entertainment, and natural life center points. Coral reefs convey environment administrations to the travel industry, fisheries and shoreline insurance. The yearly worldwide monetary estimation of coral reefs was evaluated at IJS$ 375 billion of every 2002. Notwithstanding, coral reefs are delicate environments, somewhat in light of the fact that they are touchy to water temperature. They are under danger from environmental change, maritime fermentation, impact angling, cyanide looking for aquarium fish, abuse of reef assets, and unsafe land-use works on, including urban and agrarian spillover and water contamination, which can hurt reefs by empowering overabundance algal development. [5[6] 7] The banks of numerous estuaries are among the most vigorously populated regions of the world, with about 60% of the universes populace living along estuaries and the coast. Subsequently, numerous estuaries are enduring corruption by numerous components, including sedimentation from soil disintegration from deforestation, overgrazing, and other poor cultivating works on; overfishing; seepage and filling of wetlands; eutrophication because of inordinate supplements from sewage and creature squanders; poisons including substantial metals, polychlorinated biphenyls, radionuclides and hydrocarbons from sewage inputs; and diking or damming for flood control or water preoccupation. ] Wetlands are among the most beneficial environments on the planet, practically identical to rain timberlands and coral reefs. A monstrous assortment of types of organisms, plants, bugs, creatures of land and water, reptiles, fowls, fish, and vertebrates can be a piece of a wetland biological system. Physical and synthetic highlights, for example, atmosphere, scene shape (topology), topography, and the development and bounty of water help to decide the plants and creatures that occ upy every wetland. The mind boggling, dynamic connections among the living beings occupying the wetland condition are alluded to as food networks. Wetlands assume a ntegral job in the nature of the watershed. The blend of shallow water, significant levels of supplements, and essential profitability is perfect for the improvement of life forms that structure the base of the food web and feed numerous types of fish, creatures of land and water, shellfish, and creepy crawlies. Numerous types of winged creatures and warm blooded animals depend on wetlands tor t , water, and haven, particularly during movement and reproducing. Wetlands organisms, plants, and natural life are a piece of worldwide cycles for water, nitrogen, and sulfur. Moreover, researchers are starting to understand that air support might be an extra wetlands work. Wetlands store carbon inside their plant networks and soil as opposed to discharging it to the environment as carbon dioxide. In this manner wetlands help to direct worldwide atmosphere conditions. Coral reefs are submerged structures produced using calcium carbonate discharged by corals. Coral reefs are settlements of small creatures found in marine waters that contain barely any supplements. Most coral reefs are worked from stony corals, which thus comprise of polyps that bunch in gatherings. The polyps have a place with a gathering of creatures known as Cnidaria, which additionally incorporates ocean anemones and Jellyfish. In contrast to the ocean anemones, coral polyps discharge hard arbonate exoskeletons which bolster and ensure their bodies. Reefs develop best in warm, shallow, clear, bright and disturbed waters. regularly called rainforests of the ocean, coral reefs structure the absolute most different environments on Earth. They involve under 0. 1% of the universes sea surface, about a large portion of the region of France, yet they give a home to 25% of all marine including fish, mollusks, worms, scavangers, echinoderms, wipes, tunicates and different cnidarians. [4] Paradoxically, coral reefs prosper despite the fact that they are encircled by sea waters that give barely any supplements. They are most ordinarily found at shallow profundities in tropical waters, ut profound water and cold water corals additionally exist for littler scopes in different zones. An estuary is a somewhat encased beach front assemblage of bitter water with at least one waterways or streams streaming into it, and with a free association with the vast ocean. [l] Estuaries structure a change zone between stream situations and sea conditions and are dependent upon both marine impacts, for example, tides, waves, and the deluge of saline water; and riverine impacts, for example, streams of new water and dregs. The inflows of both ocean water and new water give significant levels of supplements in both the water olumn and dregs, making estuaries among the most beneficial common territories on the planet. 2] Most existing estuaries were shaped during the Holocene age by the flooding of stream disintegrated or frigidly scoured valleys when the ocean level started to ascend around 10,000-12,000 years back. [3] Estuaries are normally ordered by their geomorphological highlights or by water course designs and can be alluded to by a wide range of names, for example, bayous , harbors, tidal ponds, gulfs, or sounds, albeit a portion of these water bodies don't carefully meet the above meaning of an estuary and might be completely saline. The biological system of a waterway is the stream seen as a framework working in its regular habitat, and incorporates biotic (living) collaborations among plants, creatures and small scale life forms, just as abiotic (nonliving) physical and compound associations. [1][2] River biological systems are prime instances of lotic environments. Lotic alludes to streaming water, from the Latin lotus, washed. Lotic waters extend from springs just a couple of centimeters wide to significant streams kilometers in width. [3] Much of this article applies to lotic biological systems all in all, including related lotic frameworks, for example, streams and springs. Lotic biological systems can be stood out from lentic environments, which include generally still earthly waters, for example, lakes and lakes. Together, these two fields structure the more broad investigation region of freshwater or sea-going nature. The accompanying bringing together qualities make the environment of running waters one of a kind from that of other sea-going natural surroundings. [4] * Flow is unidirectional. * There is a state ot consistent physical change. * There is a high level of spatial and fleeting heterogeneity at all scales (microhabitats). * Variability between lotic frameworks is very high. * The biota is particular to live with stream conditions.

Government Enforced Cyber Security, a Public Good? Essay

We as a whole realize that digital security is something critical to anybody attempting to ensure their system resources, client resources, and individual resources. The rundown of potential dangers related with fail to rehearse great digital security are interminable, and the perils sneaking out in the internet too various to even think about imagining any individual who is controlling any kind of organization system to disregard; however the inquiry here is whether the administration ought to turn into the digital security authority inside in its own administration segment as well as inside the private segment just as an open decent. Before we get into the conversation of whether the administration should assume this job, I accept we ought to have a short conversation on what â€Å"public good† really implies. As a rule â€Å"public good† is a free term used to legitimize a move one is making, by saying that it is to the greatest advantage of everybody to do as such. The suggestions behind the utilization of the term â€Å"public good† is that #1 the activity is advantageous to a larger part of the populace; and #2 that most of the populace is either excessively uninformed, or unfit for reasons unknown of playing out the activity for themselves. The utilization of the term is additionally helpful on the grounds that it is vague with regards to WHO is really profiting by the activities; is it the general shopper, the private companies, huge organizations, the legislature, a particular vested party, the entirety of the abovementioned, nothing unless there are other options, Who? Who is really profiting by the demonstration? By utilizing the term the â€Å"public good† one doesn't need to represent who is really profiting. Nor do they need to distinguish who may be hurt or adversely influenced by the activity either. Furthermore by utilizing the term that it is for the â€Å"public good†, as a matter of course the idea of how mu ch will it cost, and who is going to pay for it, is apparently consequently a non-concern. So by the very idea of the term for â€Å"the open good† the client of said term has endeavored to think of themselves a limitless ticket to ride, evaluating and defending any activities they intend to actualize and uphold. The term â€Å"public good† has been utilized by different elements since forever to achieve probably the most unpleasant wrongdoings against their kin, and to coerce inconceivable measures of riches and products from their populaces. Whenever the term â€Å"public good† is utilized to request support for an activity from any element it ought to be quickly basically inspected with a very discover tooth look over to discover what the inspirations for such a nice thought may be, just as investigated by a firm bookkeeper to discover where the cash is, and where it leads in the recommendation. The term â€Å"public good† beyond what some other term I can consider, is as a general rule the very term used to lead more sheep to their own tranq uil butcher then any call to arms ever has. It ought to consistently be drawn closer with skeptism and alert when utilized, particularly related to the word government. Is Enforcement of Cyber Security a Public Good? Should the authorization of digital security be viewed as a â€Å"public good†? This is an exceptionally troublesome inquiry to reply. In principle, by all accounts, implementation of digital security appears as though it may be a truly suitable open assistance. As feasible as different securities offered as an open decent, for example, the administrations of military and police insurances. In any case, at that point you start to look somewhat more profound into the subject and you understand that implementation of digital security assurances has a lot more layers then the authorization of physical insurances, for example, military and police. So as to uphold digital security a substance would need to do significantly more than essentially give, train, and reserve powers to watch the physical zones that are in harm's way. Authorizing digital security is considerably more similar to driving a draft of military assistance on everyone and constraining them to pay for their own ro om, board, preparing and administration costs while they are in the military for sure. So as to authorize digital security you should constrain every individual who has any association with the digital world, into turning into a digital security watch, regardless of whether they wish to be one or not. Furthermore you power any element whether it’s a multi-billion dollar enterprise, a solitary individual forcing a business to leave their storm cellar, or an individual from everybody everywhere attempting to get to the web, into subsidizing not just the physical gear and programming required to be a decent digital security watch, however the interminable preparing and instruction costs related with it too. It would resemble an element not just recommending that individuals ought to have bolts on their entryways, yet upholding it with necessities for twofold steel upheld 12 inch wide entryways with a base 3 bolts on it. One of which must be claim to fame figures lock, and punishing those that don't have said entryway, by removing their whole house. This â€Å"public good† whenever done the manner in which it is required to be done to really be insignificantly powerful, has now become an all inclusive weight simply like expenses, who’s just network quality would be the brought together scorn the â€Å"public† would have for its authorizing element and implementation approaches; especially like the disdain the overall population has for the IRS. This all being stated, I figure it safe to state that calling the obligatory authorization of digital security a â€Å"public good† is about as exact as calling the compulsory duties we pay a â€Å"public good†. A great many people when left to talk about their own investigation with regards to whether duties are truly something that is useful for most of the general population would will in general can't help disagreeing. Should government uphold digital security in the private division? The administration of the United States has numerous jobs. A portion of these are jobs it was expected to have by the Founding Fathers, as composed into the Constitution, and most others were accepted, acquired, given, or seized by certain methods still obscure to me. One of the best possible jobs of the administration is to give assurance to its residents by the creation and implementation of laws that secure the individuals, ie..Murder is a wrongdoing deserving of death; and the making of insurance substances/powers, for example, police, fire, and military, to genuinely watch the zones our residents possess to ensure the lives, and property that they own, which is comprehensive of the land they involve as a country. These ideas were truly straightforward, in spite of the fact that our congress despite everything figured out how to some way or another sloppy them; yet up to this point with the creation of the web and the internet it was really simple to tell where the fringes of our country finished and another’s started, and what comprised a criminal activity against another person’s being or property. At any rate the regular man could tell these things, legal advisors, judges and government officials can be barred from that announcement. In the internet, there are no limits. The line of what to ensure and what is outside the domain of required government security is dark. Hence the legislature as of recently has confined its requirement of digital security to its own administration systems. This degree of insurance is the best possible obligation of the legislature, since it is ensuring its systems in light of a legitimate concern for national security. The division answerable for the assurance of its residents just as national security is the Department of Defense. The previous 15 years with the blast of Information Systems the DOD has discovered that its outstanding task at hand and obligations have expanded drastically with the administration utilization of Information Technology frameworks. In the previous 5 years alone the digital security outstanding burden on the DOD has dramatically increased. In spite of the fact that the U.S. DOD is presumably the most secure and productive government substance on the plane t, it is a long way from perfect on levels of security, and it comes up short on the labor and assets to stay aware of its own requests of digital security executions. I have worked in the DOD for more than 10 years now, and can reveal to you direct that security occurrences happen every day, and the security dangers to our administration systems is a consistent recurring pattern of activity/response. Once in a while does the office get an opportunity, have the opportunity, or the assets to be expert dynamic rather than re-dynamic. Eventually too, with the absolute best security advancements set up, even the legislature must stay dependant on the human components to ensure the systems, and data. The Wiki-Leaks web postings are an ideal case of that reliance gone severely. It could conceivably have been a specialized mis-security that permitted that administration worker access to such touchy information, yet it was at last a few human disappointments that took into account that data to be posted on the web. The disappointment of the believed government worker to keep the data he was endowed with mystery, and the disappointment of what number of web site proprietors to work at securing delicate national information of the nation some of them were genuine residents of. The possibility that the present DOD could even uphold digital security in the private segment isn't just ludicrous, yet additionally an incredibly threatening and frightening idea. The administration requirement of digital security in the private segment, â€Å"for the open good† of course†¦would be just a ploy to cover its genuine point; which would be guideline of the web, or to put it obtusely the control of the last absolutely unregulated remnant of free discourse. Other than the undeniable issue of absence of respectability behind its goals there are various reasons why the U.S. Government should avoid the matter of controlling the implementation of digital security in the private division. The legislature, as expressed above doesn't really have the opportunity, or the assets to oversee or authorize some other security executions outside

Video Games Make Me Addicted - Free Essay Example

Lots of peoples opinions on video games are that they cause violence, school shootings, etc, but honestly thats crazy. Theres thousands of articles blaming video games for abuse, bullying and a ton of other things that solely have to do with a man or womans decision to do them. It seems like websites and advocators against video games are just making excuses and making up false claims as basically an excuse for people. Ive read many articles about how bad video games are for your kids and a lot of other articles full of nonsense. My opinion on the matter stays the same, video games dont make people act a certain way and do things and video games arent addictive, its all a persons choice not the video games. People like to claim that playing video games is addictive, but is it really? Just because you repeatedly do something you enjoy doesnt make it addiction, like drinking orange juice for example, just because I drink orange juice everyday doesnt make me addicted. Theres plenty o f things I do everyday but it doesnt mean Im addicted to them. In the article Video games arent addictive it says that when someone plays a video game, roughly as much dopamine is released into your brain as eating a slice of pizza. Lots of people like pizza and eat it a lot which makes them happy which doesnt make them addicted to pizza. People would be addicted to countless things if to classify addiction was just to enjoy something and do it regularly. In my opinion as well as many others, video games are not addictive and just something that people enjoy doing. We all hear about school shootings but for some reason we never want to blame the kid who actually did it, we want to blame something in his life for his/her actions, and a typical excuse are video games. People constantly blame video games for teens/adults actions and even the own people who commit whatever was done, blame video games. Many articles, such as Video game violence want to blame school shootings, bullyi ng, and abuse on video games. The video game didnt bring a gun to school, a video game didnt call the girl by the drinking fountain fat and ugly, and the video game didnt hit their wife in the face because she didnt listen to them. The bully, school shooter, or abuser made all those actions on his/her own. It all goes back to the fact that people are just making up foolish excuses for people actions. What does that teach people, that they can do what they want and there is always going to be something for them to fall back safely on? If we keep this mentality everyone will eventually just do whatever they want because they will feel as if they will always have some sort of excuse to why they did it. Possibly sports, video games, pizza, who knows? Like many people, I believe that video games do not cause things like abuse or other forms of violence, they arent the ones to blame, the person who did it is. Another thing people like to say about video games is that they only cause ne gative things, negative feelings, negative actions but if you really look into it they actually dont. Sure video games could have a few negatives, but so does everything. Millions of people drink coffee everyday, yes there are some negatives like all the sugar and caffeine but apparently we can never look at the positives anymore. What if you have to study for exams the night before and its only 10 but you are ready to pass out but ur exams are important? Drinking coffee helps you stay awake. Also people enjoy drinking it which makes them happy. Playing video games do many good things for you but people never seem to focus on them. According to the article The Neurology of gaming, video games can strengthen brain cell connections. They can positively affect your body in other ways as well, like helping to develop collaboration skills, improving hand-eye coordination, and many other things as well. Also, according to the article The Neurology of gaming, some games designed to help manage things like asthma are more effective than some doctors pamphlets. Video games can affect people positively and can even help them. Video games are not causes to violent acts nor addictive. Critics say that they only negatively affect people who play them but I know that video games affect people positively as well. From improving hand-eye coordination to helping manage health issues like asthma, video games can improve peoples life. They dont cause people to do things or act a certain way, people make those decisions on their own and using games as an excuse for their actions is foolish.

Importance of Solomon’s Temple - 2200 Words

Ancient and Modern-day Importance of Solomon's Temple (Research Paper Sample) Content: Ancient and Modern-day Importance of Solomons TempleNameInstitutionSolomons Temple, popularly referred to as the First Temple, is the Biblical temple built under the reign of the wise king, Solomon. Solomon built the Temple for seven years in Jerusalem at Mount Moriath. Having sinned against God by killing Uriah, King David was forbidden from building God a Temple. This task was passed on to the son of Bathsheba and David- Solomon. David agreed to this as a show of his repentance. The Temple that was first built by Solomon was later destroyed during the siege by Babylonians. King Nebuchadnezzar II ordered the destruction of the Temple and confiscation of all its contents. The First Temple is no longer in existence. When Israelites were in Babylon, they saw how the Babylonians worshipped idols and performed acts of paganism with their Temple contents, such as the Ark of the Covenant. The Second Temple was rebuilt under Cyrus the Great. It took a total of 23 years to co me to completion, much longer than Solomons. The structures were similar to the First Temple. The Restoration was a heavy relief for the Israelites in captivity. The Second Temple survived another attack by Alexander the Great. Alexander, from Macedonia, wanted to be honoured by Israelites. However, the Israelites could not agree to it. He was extremely angered but luckily, for the Israelites, he was calmed down by flattery from diplomats. Over the years, pagans and invaders defiled the Second Temple. At around 164BCE, Judas Maccabeus rededicated the Second Temple to the Lord. This did not stop future invaders such as Crassus, who raided the Second Temples treasury nearly 54BCE. Crassus, however, died in battle not more than a year later. This news sparked Jews revolt who demanded respect for the Lords Temple. King Herod the Great came to Israelites rescue by renovating the temple. He then renamed the Second Temple after himself; Herods Temple (Hamblin Seely, 2007). The last straw i n the Second Temples back was the Muslim Conquest of Jerusalem. Muslims raided the city and destroyed the Second Temple. They then built a shrine that is now a remembrance of Hebrew prophets of the Quran. The site of the Second Temple is known as the Dome of the Rock to date. With such background information, it is quite unclear as to why the Israelites treasured the Temple very much. Why did they have to rebuild it over again? Why David was denied construction of the Temple, despite being the greatest king of Israel? Why the Israelites were angered so much by siege of the Temple? Why did the Israelites agree to take all the trouble of constructing the Temple? It took them a cumulative of 30 years for the First and the Second Temple. The cost itself put Israel into debt that King Solomon had to give away a few towns in Galilee to repay the debt. Why did the Israelites pay so much respect to the Temple that it had to be purified every time it was defiled by pagans? What was so import ant in the Temple that could not be done outside or in Tabernacles like in Mosess times? What made the First Temple very significant to the Jewish people? Lastly, what was with pagans that they could not understand the significance of the Temple to the Israelites? These are questions that remain unanswered and this research will attempt to demystify the mystery behind the First and the Second temple. First, it is impossible to understand the importance of the Temple without first looking at its structure and appreciating the magnificence of First Temple.he began to build the temple of the Lord.2The temple that King Solomon built for the Lord was sixty cubits long, twenty wide and thirty high.[HYPERLINK "/passage/?search=1+Kings+6" \l "fen-NIV-8899b" \o "See footnote b"b]3The portico at the front of the main hall of the temple extended the width of the temple, that is twenty cubits,[HYPERLINK "/passage/?search=1+Kings+6" \l "fen-NIV-8900c" \o "See footnote c"c] and projected te n cubits[HYPERLINK "/passage/?search=1+Kings+6" \l "fen-NIV-8900d" \o "See footnote d"d] from the front of the temple.4He made narrow windows high up in the temple walls.5Against the walls of the main hall and inner sanctuary he built a structure around the building, in which there were side rooms.6The lowest floor was five cubits[HYPERLINK "/passage/?search=1+Kings+6" \l "fen-NIV-8903e" \o "See footnote e"e] wide, the middle floor six cubits[HYPERLINK "/passage/?search=1+Kings+6" \l "fen-NIV-8903f" \o "See footnote f"f] and the third floor seven.[HYPERLINK "/passage/?search=1+Kings+6" \l "fen-NIV-8903g" \o "See footnote g"g] He made offset ledges around the outside of the temple so that nothing would be inserted into the temple walls.7In building the temple, only blocks dressed at the quarry were used, and no hammer, chisel or any other iron tool was heard at the temple site while it was being built. (HYPERLINK "",1 Kings 6: 2-7)Such was the glorious nature of the Fi rst Temple. The effort put in its construction was tremendous. Everything needed from wooden blocks to pillars were prepared and finished at the source before being transported to the Temple site. Wood was transported all the way from Lebanon to Jerusalem. 3300 officials supervised the construction of the First temple over a period of 7 years. Some of the money went into renovation of the area surrounding the First Temple, as well. The significance of this Temple to the ancient Israelites can be best demonstrated by looking at the contents, rituals, servants and their roles. The Ark of the CovenantThis was an invaluable item in the Temple. Israelites travelled with it everywhere they went. It contained the Tablets of Stones, Aarons rod, a jar of manna and the First Scroll. The Tablet of Stones contained the Ten Commandments handed over to Moses on Mount Sinai. Moses had broken the first tablet when he descended the mountain and found the Israelites performing acts of immorality. The second Tablet was handed to Moses after Israelites promised not to go against the Lord again. Aarons rod was a staff handed down through generations of priests, descendants of Aarons lineage. The rod was used to cast the plagues on Pharaoh and his people during Israelites redemption from Egyptian captivity. Of great significance was when it turned to a snake at Mosess command. The jar of manna reminded Israelites of when they were in the wilderness, and the Lord provided manna as food from heaven. The Ark of the Covenant was a powerful tool for the Israelites; they used it to break down Jerichos walls and captured the town. They went round the walls with the Ark seven times and Jerichos walls came down. During Davids time, the king and the people respected the Ark of the Covenant; David once danced with it the whole night put it in a tabernacle and after sacrifices, he blessed the people. David always wanted the Ark of the Covenant close to him. He fled with it to guard it against Absalom, but later pleaded with Zadok to return the Ark to Jerusalem. The Ark was a form of blessing. When King David placed it in Obed-Edom, the Lord blessed the place. The Ark was so important that King Solomon spared Abiathas life, having plotted against Adonijahs life, because he had hitherto bored the Ark. Inside the Temple, King Solomon built a special place for the Ark of the Covenant. The place was named Kodem Hardashim, Latin for holies of holies. The place was purified to receive the Ark of the Covenant. King Solomon and the Ancient Israelites too, found the Ark of so much importance that he worshipped God in front of it when God promised him wisdom. The purity of the Ark of the Covenant and the Temple as a whole made King Solomon forbid his foreign wife, Pharaohs daughter, from living in Zion just because the Ark was there (Grierson Munro-Hay, 1999).The Altar of Burnt OfferingsThis was a part in the First Temple where the Israelites were allowed to offer animal sacrifice s, bird and meat offerings. Drink offerings as libation were offered on the altar (Grierson Munro-Hay, 1999), as well. There was no other place, other than the Temple, where they were allowed to make sacrifices or offerings. The presence of the Altar encouraged Israelites to make their offerings of thanksgiving and pleas to God. There were daily offerings at the Temple; in the morning and in the evening. The Altars cross-section was a perfect square of approximately 16m and its height 5m, more or less. It had horns at the top corners, more like the other altars. Solomons temple had this altar designed according to Gods instruction. Do not climb up to my altar with steps so that you do not show your nakedness on it (Exodus 20:26). In accordance with this, King Solomon made a ramp to reach the Altar of Burnt Offerings. Such was the importance of purity for peoples offerings to God in Solomons Temple.The Altar of Burnt IncenseThis was also known as the Inner Altar. It was more sacred than the Altar of Burnt Offerings (Grierson Munro-Hay, 1999). The structure was rectangular. The dimensions were 2 cubits high, approximately one cubit wide and deep. It consisted of poles at the sides and the whole altar was covered in gold. The top of the Altar had horn-like structures plated in gold, as well. The Altar has saucer shaped structure for incense. Moses consecrated initial altars with anointing oil. This made the institution of the Altar a holy place. At the Altar, Israelites could offer burnt incense da...

Second Major Effort - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3204 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/07/31 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Titanic Essay Did you like this example? The cheering quit as quickly as it had erupted. Each member of the space agency froze in sudden silence, staring wide-eyed at the monitor with one anxious mind. The explorer had descended perfectly through Titans atmosphere and plunged into the largest of its many methane lakes. Now the great exploration had begun. This second major effort in the quest to find extraterrestrial life in our solar system is much different than the first one. The first mission, fifteen years earlier to Mars, turned into one of the most momentous events on earth. A new calendar became popular around the world starting year zero when the Martian microbes were found. From this find two stunning lessons were learned about life on earth: Mars had life before Earth did and these Martian microbes are nearly identical to the primitive ones of earth. These Martians were the ancestors of us all! They must have arrived on Earth in the exchange of planetary fragments during the violence of the early solar system. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Second Major Effort" essay for you Create order For this mission to Titan there was a third lesson from the Mars experience: Living microbes could be found in unexpected places with harsh conditions. After Mars the search expanded to Saturns moon Titan, a place covered in lakes of methane, because numerous experiments had shown that the basic processes of lifes chemistry could work in liquid methane at minus 290 degrees, though much slower. These life forms, if they existed could be nothing like Earthling-Martians. In looking for life on Titan no one quite knew what they were looking for. This was the moment Bronson Vandertide and his team had worked long and hard for. The deep satisfaction of seeing their Titan explorer illuminate the lake bottom so brightly and operate with such nimble flawlessness was just the beginning. The moment was so engrossing that it was easy to forget they were watching what happened eighty minutes ago. A collective gasp was elicited by the group when a structure of water ice appeared looking like a miniature volcano. I name it Mt. Fuji. said Bronson. There was brief laughter among the team and silence once again as the craft sped on past it. Its slowing down! Bronson exclaimed moments later in a hushed voice. Though he was the first to notice, all instantly knew what it meant. Everyone bent forward and narrowed their gaze upon the upper right corner of the monitor. The craft was programmed with the intelligence to recognize certain shapes of interest, such as living colonies of cells on the lake bottom. Any idea what such living colonies might look like on the bottom of a methane lake on Titan was highly speculative of course, but once again, the craft did perform as they had intended in choosing as they would where to pause and investigate. THERE! LOOK! shouted another as he rose from his chair, pointing. Murmurs and gasps filled the room as everyone saw it. Irregular dark blotches occupied a region ahead where the lake became deeper. Everyone keep in mind, commanded Bronson in a monotone voice designed to cover his excitement, no one can say what these are-yet. The craft remained hovering, waiting for further instructions from earth. The whole room stared in open-mouthed wonder, gripped by a feeling resembling horror. Bronson was the first to stop breathing. He felt as if he had turned to stone. The others drew in a collective breath soon after. Many slapped their hands over their mouths. No one expected this. Just off to the right barely visible in the darkness, floating over the floor of the lake were oblong bulbs with shiny speckles embedded in them. Some structures seemed connected to these but details were difficult to see. The gem-like speckles were the most eerie of all the mysteries seen so far, seeming to reflect back at them with a similar sense of horror and curiosity. Expand that portion over there! ordered Bronson, aware that everyone knew where he meant. There was just enough to illuminate that dark region with the reflecting gems to give the oblong structures barely discernible definition. For several long minutes all of them just stared. Theyre turning. whispered Bronson. Movement is 4.7 millimeters a minute. reported Darrin, the head control operator. Living, Bronson whispered, then became silent in a momentary state of shock, Beings. he finally uttered. Everyone kept staring without blinking, mesmerized by the creatures who barely seemed to move, yet communicated life to those watching. Bronson started to breathe heavier and faster. Soon he was hyperventilating. He stood and fidgeted clumsily with his chair, then he tossed it over and burst forth with a shouting command; SHUT IT DOWN! What? asked Darrin, innocently. The light! Stop burning them with it! Shut it down. Darrin quickly touched in a command. Still rapt in silent staring, all remained frozen until Bronsons next outburst; I SAID he shouted with fury, then stopped all of a sudden when he snapped out of shock and realized his mistake. Its eighty-two light minutes to there, sir. said Darrin in a high and gentle voice trying to avoid provocation. What is wrong with yousir? growled Mike Martz at him with a tone of sarcasm. Bronson rubbed his hands into his face, then with clenched fists he shouted back; We are NOT to do harm! Whatever this is, I will not let us become destroyers of alien life forms. We have found some life form here perhaps yes, but I hope we havent blasted them to death with our light! The other agency members began to murmur and look back and forth between Martz and Vandertide. Good decision! yelled Martz derisively. He glared with hatred at Vandertide for a few seconds and then angrily walked out. Vandertide had picked up his chair and sat back down. He became lost in his own thoughts, unaware of anything outside of himself. When he became aware of his surroundings again he realized that Mike Martz had left. He saw everyone else still watching the monitor on the wall with great intensity, but he couldnt watch anymore. Back into his shell of contemplation he went until he heard a sudden murmur in the room and the noises of people rising from their seats and shuffling about. The craft had finally received the command and its light had gone out. The only light left was the distant, dim sunlight penetrating through the moons clouds and finally the lake, so the monitor was nearly black. Vandertide rose. They all stood still and turned to him in attention. He gathered himself mentally and began with a hint of shame in his voice; Well, it looks like our mission had a major success and major failure all in one. We talked about finding sentient beings beyond earth like drunks talk plans for future wealth and fame. We didnt properly consider how this should be handled. I think the truth is that none of us really believed wed find this. Were unprepared in all kinds of ways. I dont want this news out yet. Well have to light them up again and have a look, but no more of this bright light. We have the capabilities to vary the wavelengths as well as intensities on the crafts lighting. I want you all to work on finding a possible combination of lighting parameters with low enough energy to use here. Theres so much you can do with light. Lets come up with a way to shine a beam that wont harm them. Ill come back in a few hours. Bronson needed time alone to think and one of his favorite places to be by himself was at the science museum in a room called The Twentieth-Century Laboratory, a place no one ever visited or found interesting except Bronson Vandertide. He usually looked forward to his routine stroll there to be alone, but before he left the agency building he saw something very disturbing. On the wall in the lobby was a television monitor which was always on but with the sound off most of the time. It was on the space agency news channel as usual, but Mike Martz was on talking to a reporter, which was not normal. Stunned to see him on the news, Bronson fumbled to get the sound on. I believe Dr. Vandertide has become incapacitated. Said Martz without emotion. Of course, I have no idea how long his fit will last. He has been known to have these fits and has forced us all to secrecy about it. Bronsons jaw dropped. I take it upon myself to let you know this since the integrity of the agency requires disclosure of such. YOU MOTH! yelled Bronson at the TV. I will be taking command of the agency as soon as I am in possession of the Comm Transmitter. We have protocol for passing along authority which I will activate Martz went on. In reaction, Bronson grabbed his chest and felt inside his coat for the Comm Transmitter. Holding it firmly in his hand he answered back; THERES NO WAY YOURE GETTING YOUR HANDS ON THIS, MIKE! I am taking this action not only because we need a new leader at the agency, but because there has just been an exciting new find from the Titan explorer Martz began revealing. As soon as he heard this he ran down a hallway to the old locker room. He had abandoned his old locker long ago like everyone else had. As with the Twentieth Century Lab, storage lockers were a relic of the past which no one had yet bothered to tear down and remove. Inside his locker were old clothes, paper notebooks, phones, chargers, wallets, metal keys, writing pens, I.D cards, toothbrushes and various other things which hadnt been in use for decades. Under the junk was a motorcycle helmet he used back in his early days at the agency. This helmet is so old, he thought to himself, and Ill look strange, but its best that Im not seen right now. He put it on and walked swiftly out of the building. Out on the street he heard people starting to talk about the newly found Titans. Quickly the rumors became wild with descriptions of monsters as large as lakes devouring each other as in the Greek myths. He heard one woman say she knew that he, Dr. Vandertide was on board the ship and the Titans had taken him hostage, forcing him to fly them back to Earth to lead a Titan invasion of our planet. Bronson was at least grateful about one thing; the growing Titan mania was so distracting that he escaped being noticed wearing his strange old motorcycle helmet. He knew he couldnt hide in the Twentieth Century Laboratory for long. Martz knew about his habit of coming here to be alone, and if he wanted the Comm Transmitter he would be here, too. Yet he believed Martz was enjoying a fantasy of having the power he sought and a moment of fame. Once it all collapsed, it would be easy to fire him. He swung open the door to the lab, pulled off his helmet and stepped inside. It was relaxing for him to be among the old flasks and graduated cylinders, glass distillers and Bunsen burners. He took in a deep breath, let it all out with a weary sigh and felt a little better. Now he could plan his next steps. Bronson had miscalculated. It would be the last good breath hed take for a couple of minutes. Mike Martz appeared behind him at the door walking silently in. He was holding a plastic trash bag with a plastic ribbon draw string. He crept up to the unaware doctor and quickly threw the bag over his head. Bronson reacted right away, violently scratching at his face, tearing the plastic open. Then Martz pulled hard on the ribbon and tried to throw Bronson on the floor but he stood tough and stayed on his feet while ripping at the bag. The struggle between the men heightened. Bronson forced his fingers under the ribbon on his neck and pulled out while Mike pulled harder to close it on his neck. Bronson moved his head frantically from side to side, burning the skin of his neck from the extremely taut ribbon. Now Martz miscalculated. He pulled on the ribbon with all of his might and the ribbon snapped. Bronson was completely free and hadnt lost consciousness. He turned around and saw Martz holding the torn-up bag with a momentary expression of shame on his face. Martz then gave Bronson a hard stare and threw down the bag. Give it to me. he demanded. Bronson rubbed his throat and said in a raspy voice; So you didnt waste any time coming for the Comm, did you, Mike? I underestimated you. Im sick of you and your weak, high-minded ideas. he spat back. I want total control of the agency because I am not afraid of taking command and ploughing forward even if it hurts something. Give me the Comm and get out of my way. Mike, youre right about one thing: I am afraid. Im afraid of ignorance and the harm we do because of it. It isnt weak to respect the life we find, leaving it alone if thats the only way to avoid molesting them. But why am I talking to you about not molesting them after what you just tried! I would never turn over authority to someone like you! I just told the world about you. Oh, your brilliant news conference. Thats right, Im unfit, so your said. Everyone sees that youre weak, and after the way you acted today no one wants you back! I am not afraid to burn the guts out of those creatures in order to see whats inside. Its our right. Were the ones who built the craft which got us there. As far as Im concerned they are ours and they have no reason to exist but for our science. Give me the Comm Transmitter. Martz stepped threateningly towards him. Strong emotions froze Bronson thinking, making him forget how he had just fought for his life and won. He was overwhelmed for the moment, plagued by self-doubt. As Martz approached staring at him with wide, furious eyes Bronson felt more of his will melt but managed to bend slightly towards him and put his hand out to halt his advance. Lets talk this over. Dont you realize the problem of contact with living beings in a cold methane lake? Bronson pleaded. What good does it do to destroy them like this? We are as red-hot coals to them. Just shining our light to have a look boils them. If we reach into their lake our arm would instantly freeze and break off. Their metabolism has to be thousands of times slower than ours. If we want to know them we have to give this lots of time and take it way easy. Bronson stepped forward and took Martz by the shoulders at arms length. Mike, I trusted you. I still do because I have to trust everyone collaborating on this project. Scientists should be careful, sensitive observers, not cold dissectors. These Titans and we are two extreme life forms to each other. Our world operates on fire and fury, not theirs, so for us to study them requires us to stop our furious probing and learn to hold still in the dark for a long, long time. Martz violently pulled away from him. We own them. said Martz. We own them all! Nothing else matters about them but what they are worth to our science. You already have your fame and reputation as the man who first found life beyond Earth. Mars was yours. Titan is mine. If you wont blast them to smithereens, I will. I wont let the agency back away now and leave our craft dark, unable to gather data. I mean it, Bronson. Give me the Comm, or better yet, give the order to reactivate, now and then hand it over. said Martz Martz stared threateningly at him again. Bronson bent his head down and slapped the back of his neck in a gesture of pained acceptance. He had crumbled. Forgetting all he stood for, he felt at the moment intimidated and humiliated. Reluctantly he pulled out the Comm. So, said Bronson, subdued and sad, for you this is about you building a reputation, not about finding extraterrestrial life. You have your place and I want mine. said Martz. Bronson raised the Comm to his mouth. Darrin, I order the lights reactivated now. We shall proceed on Titanwith whatever caution we can know to use. He lowered the comm to his lap and stared at Martz. That was weak. Martz sneered. But it will work. Now hand over the Comm. Instantly, remorse began to eat at Bronson. It turned to anger, and anger turned to hate filled rage. He held the comm out towards Martz as if to surrender it to him, then as Martz was about to grab it, Bronson deliberately dropped it. I cant believe you really would kill me, Mike. What would you do then? How were you planning to get away with it? I am prepared to take over at the agency Bronson, and I will because Titan is mine. As for getting away with it, who ever comes here but you? The protein digester still works; I have plenty of time to make you disappear into a vat of murky acid. Neither men had a weapon nor much knowledge of hand to hand combat. Bronson blew open the valves to his rage and leapt upon Martz with greater might and speed than he had possessed in years. Something burst in his hands at the very moment he lost awareness. What it was that had burst was as much a mystery to him at as he was to himself. When Bronson regained full consciousness he was holding the broken neck of Mike Martz. Horrified, he jerked his hands away and Martz fell to the floor, gasping for breath for a short while before he died. Bronson looked at the body with its twisted and unnaturally bent neck in disbelief for a long time, then he shut his eyes and sat with the corpse for a half hour, still with his eyes closed. The reporters were shouting and screaming out their questions at the locked doors of the space agency. Soon the doors were being jostled to the breaking point. A man wearing an antique motorcycle helmet cautiously approached, then aggressively pushed his way through the crowd. He unlocked the doors and rushed in before anyone else, then sprinted to the stair way. Moments later he was alone glancing down upon the confused and furious crowd twirling about in the lobby looking for anyone to attack with questions. He burst through the control room door and quickly shut it behind him. Everyone turned from their work and stared. Is that you, Dr. Vandertide? asked one of the members. Sanctuary. said Bronson after he took off his helmet and set it aside.